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女性心理异常多于男性

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心理学研究表明,女性异常心理的发生率高于男性。在美国,患功能性精神病(如精神分裂症等)、神经症(如失眠等)、心身失调(如心因性胃溃疡等)、暂时性精神失调(如失恋后的抑郁等)的男女比例均女高于男。在我国,有关研究也表明,女性的心理问题发生率高于男性。

对这种现象,心理学家们认为,其主要原因在于男女社会角色的差异。一般说来,男性所承担的各种角色之间的冲突比女性少。例如男性的社会工作角色与家庭生活角色往往是协调一致的。而女性则不然,她们的社会工作角色常与家庭生活角色唱反调,这种矛盾处境增加了女性心理失调的可能性。同时,男性事业失意可从家庭生活中寻求安慰与补偿,家庭生活不如意可从事业上得到寄托。而社会对女性的要求,往往是家庭重于事业,所以一旦失去家庭这一面,也就无从得到心理补偿,容易出现异常心理。此外,在社会生活中,男性角色的社会价值易得到社会的承认,而女性角色(主要指家庭妇女角色)的社会价值不易被社会重视,更难得到社会的赞赏,并且由于家庭事务十分单调、琐碎,更易使人产生心理疲劳,进而导致心理失常。

对此心理学家们认为,降低女性(也包括男性)异常心理发生率的有效方法之一是改变性别角色的极端化概念,要队传统观念中解脱出来。正常的性格模式应该是“双性化性格”,既具有男性的自信、大度等,又具备女性的随和、细腻


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